Cosmology

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The World
The world is a flat, round disc surrounded by heavenly spheres. There is at least as much surface area on the top of the disk as there is on the surface of the Earth -- it’s big. The continent of Amartain is a very small percentage of the total surface area. The disk is spinning counterclockwise, completing one revolution each year. Elevation generally increases towards the center of the disk, with lots of local variation in the form of mountain ranges and so forth. The disc touches the edge of the heavenly sphere, so it's a transparent crystal wall at the edge. See Deep History for origin of the disc.

The Fae
The Fae, also known as Chaos, exists outside the universe of the world-disk.

Heavenly Spheres
The innermost sphere is bisected by the disc. It is completely transparent and impervious to normal matter. The lesser Moon is embedded into this sphere, and rock from the opposite sides has collected at the top and bottom. This sphere and the disk slowly rotate around the plane of the disk, completing one rotation per year.

The second sphere is that of the sun and moon. These comprise opposite ends of the sphere, the sun providing light and heat to one side of the disc, the moon providing gentle illumination to the other. This sphere rotates perpendicularly to the inner sphere once per day, so the sun and moon each pass over the center of the disc.

It is unclear whether there is one additional sphere, or more. The stars are unmoving, and may be embedded in an outer sphere. They may instead be holes or windows in the outermost sphere, their light shining through from outside.

The outermost sphere is the boundary between the universe and chaos. Outside, time and space do not exist in the same way as within. The Fae exists in its raw form outside the spheres.

The Sun and the Seasons
The sun is mounted on one of the heavenly spheres, which is rotating around the disk -- night is when the sun is illuminating the underside of the disk. Since the disk is spinning, the sun rises in a different direction every day, coming back to the same place once each year. Summer happens twice each year, when your part of the disk is aligned with the sun’s path (so once when the sun rises in the north and once when it rises in the south). Winter happens twice each year, when your part of the disk is not aligned with the sun’s path and the sun never passes directly overhead. You can tell where you are by the direction of the sunrise if you know the date and have a compass.

The Moons
There are multiple objects that are referred to as Moons.

The oldest, the one that has been a part of the universe since its formation, is placed in the same heavenly sphere as the Sun, directly opposite it. It is the same size as the Sun, but glows a soft silver.

The "lesser Moon" or "Little Sister" is an irregular chunk of rock, embedded in the innermost sphere. It is a chunk of the world disc that was somehow ejected from the surface long ago and crashed into the sphere.

There is also a tiny moonlet, composed of small amounts of rock from the opposite side of the disc that somehow made it to this side and fell upwards, collecting at the highest point of the innermost sphere. A similar moonlet exists on the opposite side.

Gravity
There are two kinds of matter -- one originates on one side of the disk, the other originates on the flip side. Gravity pulls these different types of matter in opposite directions (technically, each type of matter falls in the direction it does because it ‘believes’ that is the proper direction). On our top side, down is toward the disk. On the flip side, their down is also toward the disk. Very rarely, rock from one side of the disk makes its way to the other side, where it has antigravity properties. If matter from one side of the disk somehow ends up on the opposite side, its gravity does not change -- it falls upwards, away from the disk. When this happens, the displaced matter falls into the empty region between the surface of the disk and the innermost sphere and collects at the top. See Upfall Rock.

Climate
Different regions have different climates due to local and regional geography. Generally things are warmer towards the center of the disc ("north") because the sun always passes directly overhead (towards the edges of the disk, the sun only passes directly overhead twice per year).

I don't want us to make a map of the whole disc, but I think we can assume Amartain is relatively close to halfway between the center and the edge. Which means it might be slightly cooler to the south, but the mountainous high altitudes of northern Amartain probably trump that trend. EDIT: wait, high altitudes would be warmer, not cooler. Shit. Ok, maybe atmosphere does thin out as you increase altitude so it's cooler on mountaintops, but there is still enough air to breathe throughout the whole sphere.